Trading

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All villager trades, separated by profession.

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items (and vice-versa) with villagers.

Functionality

Pressing use on an adult villager will open a GUI allowing a player to trade with the villager. Villagers will make offers based on their profession and career, and will only make trades based on what offers they are making. Different offers may be viewed by pressing the left and right buttons next to the currently displayed offer. All offers involve emerald as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's career. Trading allows the acquisition of uncommon items. It is also the only legitimate method of acquiring bottles o' enchanting, woodland and ocean explorer map in Survival mode.

The trading interface displaying a trade of 28 paper for 1 emerald.
The trading interface in Legacy Console Edition displaying a trade of 32 paper for 1 emerald.

Different careers are assigned to each villager, and are viewable in the trading GUI. For example, brown-robed villagers can be fletchers or fishermen; blacksmiths can be armorers or weapon smiths; etc. Every villager spawns with tier 1 of their given career, which range from 2–4 initial unlocked trades (i.e. all shepherds will spawn with only two options, buying wool and selling shears). Each tier consists of a defined set of trade offers, and the tiers are the same for any given career (see the chart below). They can unlock new tiers when an existing offer is traded. Note that the trading GUI must be closed before a villager will unlock a new tier. When they do, they will receive Regeneration I and become surrounded with purple and green particles for a few seconds. Each career has a fixed sequence of tiers, and will only unlock a finite number of offers.

Villagers will deactivate an offer if the offer has been used some number of times. The chance of an offer's deactivation is random, but an offer must be used at least 2 times before it is eligible for deactivation. After an offer has been used 12 times, it is guaranteed to be deactivated. Trading a different offer may activate an offer again. When an offer is disabled, a red X will appear in the trading interface, and it has the same particle effect as an offer being created.

An offer is guaranteed to reactivate available deactivated options (and unlock a tier, if some have not yet been unlocked) the first time it is traded. On subsequent trades, it will only have a 20% chance of doing so, per trade. For example, if a farmer villager has a trade which is 8 pumpkins for 1 emerald, and a stack of 64 pumpkins is traded, this will count as 8 attempts with each attempt having a 20% chance to reactivate the villager's trades.

Villagers will distinguish between damage values, so different colors of wool cannot replace white wool, charcoal cannot be traded in place of coal, and damaged tools cannot be traded in place of fully repaired tools. NBT data, however, is ignored, so the content of a written book does not matter.

In Java Edition, all trades reward the player with 3–6 experience, or 8–11 experience if the villager is in a state where it is willing to breed. This is also true in Bedrock editions, except that certain trades don't reward any experience: the first-tier trades of a Farmer, the rotten flesh trade of a Cleric, the porkchop trade of a Butcher, or the string trade of a Fletcher.

The full list of careers and tiers is below:

Farmer (brown robe)

Farmer Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Wheat 18 - 22 1 Bread 1 2 - 4
Potato 15 - 19 1
Carrot 15 - 19 1
2 Pumpkin 8 - 13 1 Pumpkin Pie 1 2 - 3
3 Melon 7 - 12 1 Apple 1 5 - 7
4 Cookie 1 6 - 10
Cake 1 1

Fisherman Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 String 15 - 20 1 Cooked Fish 6 Fish
1 Emerald
6
Coal 16 - 24 1
2 Enchanted[note 1]
Fishing Rod
7 - 8 1

Shepherd Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 White Wool 16 - 22 1 Shears 3 - 4 1
2

BlockSprite white-wool.png: Sprite image for white-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite orange-wool.png: Sprite image for orange-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite magenta-wool.png: Sprite image for magenta-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite light-blue-wool.png: Sprite image for light-blue-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite yellow-wool.png: Sprite image for yellow-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite lime-wool.png: Sprite image for lime-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite pink-wool.png: Sprite image for pink-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite gray-wool.png: Sprite image for gray-wool in Minecraft
BlockSprite light-gray-wool.png: Sprite image for light-gray-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite cyan-wool.png: Sprite image for cyan-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite purple-wool.png: Sprite image for purple-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite blue-wool.png: Sprite image for blue-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite brown-wool.png: Sprite image for brown-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite green-wool.png: Sprite image for green-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite red-wool.png: Sprite image for red-wool in Minecraft BlockSprite black-wool.png: Sprite image for black-wool in Minecraft
Colored Wool
16 offers containing each wool color.[note 2]

1 - 2 1

Fletcher Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 String 15 - 20 1 Arrow 1 8 - 12
2 Bow 2 - 3 1
Flint 10 Gravel
1 Emerald
6 - 10

Librarian (white robe)

Librarian Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Paper 24 - 36 1 Enchanted Book[note 3] 1 Book
5 - 64 Emerald
1
2 Book 8 - 10 1 Compass 10 - 12 1
Bookshelf 3 - 4 1
3 Written Book[note 4] 2 1 Clock 10 - 12 1
Glass 1 3 - 5
4 Enchanted Book[note 3][note 5] 1 Book
5 - 64 Emerald
1
5 Enchanted Book[note 3][note 5] 1 Book
5 - 64 Emerald
1
6 Name Tag 20 - 22 1

Cartographer Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Paper 24 - 36 1
2 Compass 1 1
3 Empty Map 7 - 11 1
4 Ocean Explorer Map[note 6] 1 Compass
12 - 20 Emerald
1
Woodland Explorer Map[note 6] 1 Compass
16 - 28 Emerald
1

Priest (purple robe)

Cleric Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Rotten Flesh 36 - 40 1
Gold Ingot 8 - 10 1
2 Redstone Dust 1 1 - 4
Lapis Lazuli 1 1 - 2
3 Ender Pearl 4 - 7 1
Glowstone 1 1 - 3
4 Bottle o' Enchanting 3 - 11 1

Smith (black robe)

Armorer Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Coal 16 - 24 1 Iron Helmet 4 - 6 1
2 Iron Ingot 7 - 9 1 Iron Chestplate 10 - 14 1
3 Diamond 3 - 4 1 Enchanted[note 1] Diamond Chestplate 16 - 19 1
4 Chainmail Boots 5 - 7 1
Chainmail Leggings 9 - 11 1
Chainmail Helmet 5 - 7 1
Chainmail Chestplate 11 - 15 1

Weapon Smith Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Coal 16 - 24 1 Iron Axe 6 - 8 1
2 Iron Ingot 7 - 9 1 Enchanted[note 1] Iron Sword 9 - 10 1
3 Diamond 3 - 4 1 Enchanted[note 1] Diamond Sword 12 - 15 1
Enchanted[note 1] Diamond Axe 9 - 12 1

Tool Smith Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Coal 16 - 24 1 Enchanted[note 1] Iron Shovel 5 - 7 1
2 Iron Ingot 7 - 9 1 Enchanted[note 1] Iron Pickaxe 9 - 11 1
3 Diamond 3 - 4 1 Enchanted[note 1] Diamond Pickaxe 12 - 15 1

Butcher (white apron)

Butcher Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Raw Porkchop 14 - 18 1
Raw Chicken 14 - 18 1
2 Coal 16 - 24 1 Cooked Porkchop 1 5 - 7
Cooked Chicken 1 6 - 8

Leatherworker Buys Sells
Tier Item Quantity ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Item ItemSprite emerald.png: Sprite image for emerald in Minecraft Price Quantity
1 Leather 9 - 12 1 Leather Pants 2 - 4 1
2 Enchanted[note 1] Leather Tunic 7 - 12 1
3 Saddle 8 - 10 1

Nitwit (green robe)

Generic green robed "Nitwit" villagers offer no trades.

Wandering trader

For the villager-like mob, see Wandering trader.
Sells for
One emerald Two emeralds Three emeralds Four emeralds Five emeralds Six emeralds
Fern Sugar Cane Glowstone Kelp Slimeball Nautilus Shell Blue Ice
Pumpkin Dandelion Sea Pickle Cactus Saplings
Poppy Blue Orchid Coral blocks Pufferfish Bucket
Allium Azure Bluet Podzol Tropical Fish Bucket
Tulips Oxeye Daisy Packed Ice
Cornflower Lily of the Valley
Wheat Seeds Beetroot Seeds
Pumpkin Seeds Melon Seeds
Vines Brown Mushroom
Red Mushroom Gunpowder
Dyes (x3) Lily Pad (x2)
Red Sand (x4) Sand (x8)
Notes
  1. Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i When creating an enchantment offer, the game uses a random enchantment level from 5 – 19. For a listing of what enchantments will show up at these levels, see Enchantment Mechanics.
  2. A given villager charges the same number of emeralds for each color.
  3. Jump up to: a b c Book will only have one enchantment. The enchantment is chosen randomly, with equal chance of any enchantment type occurring and equal chance to get any level of it, so higher-leveled enchantments are as likely to get as low-leveled enchantments. The price in emeralds depends on enchantment level and "treasure" status. The possible values are 5 – 19 emeralds for Lvl I, 8 – 32 for Lvl II, 11 – 45 for Lvl III, 14 – 58 for Lvl IV, and 17 – 71 for Lvl V. For "treasure" enchantments the price is doubled. Note that the cost is capped to 64, meaning that for example Lvl V books truly range from 17 - 64 emeralds with costs at the upper end of the range being more common.
  4. The two Written Books must be stacked (and therefore must be identical).
  5. Jump up to: a b Librarians offer the enchanted book trade three different times.
  6. Jump up to: a b This trade cannot be unlocked while in a Superflat or Buffet world that does not include the structure as part of its preset. It cannot be unlocked if the villager is in the Nether or the End either. The trade can be unlocked, however, while in a world with 'Generate Stuctures' set to 'OFF', and also in a Customized world with the specific structure toggled to 'No'.

Achievements

[hide]
IconAchievementIn-game descriptionActual requirements (if different)Gamerscore earnedTrophy type (PS)
PS4Other
The HagglerAcquire or spend 30 Emeralds by trading with villagers or with wandering trader. [sic]30Silver
Treasure HunterAcquire a map from a cartographer villager, then enter the revealed structureVisit the structure indicated while the purchased map is in your main hand (hotbar).40Silver

Advancements

IconAdvancementIn-game descriptionActual requirements (if different)
What a Deal!Successfully trade with a VillagerTake an item from a villager or wandering trader's trading output slot.

Video

Trading/video

History

[hide]beta
August 31, 2010The first time Notch hinted at plans for a possible future trading system was in an interview during MinecraftCon. The implementation of villages themselves and their inhabitants wasn't even confirmed at this point, but Notch still had a couple of ideas: If you treat the villagers well, they will become friendly and might start throwing things at you as gifts. If you treat them badly though by attacking and killing them they will hate you and might chase you.
Notch also mentioned a meter of how much the villagers like you.
[hide]Java Edition
May 21, 2012Jeb released a screenshot of himself testing the Trading System. The image showed buying and selling areas.
An ore block can be seen in the background later revealed in snapshot 12w21a to be Ruby Ore, it was changed to emerald ore before 12w21a because Dinnerbone is colorblind.[1]
1.3.1Added villager trading.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Eyes of Ender are now sold by priests instead of bought, and rotten flesh is no longer bought.
The trading UI has been changed where an extra input space has been added where tools can be placed for buying enchantments and/or repair.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Prior to this snapshot, librarian defaulted to written books instead of gold ingots, since the written books had a potential offer of 1.3.
1.4.2The librarian's paper offer was adjusted to 24-35 paper per emerald, and the farmer's arrow offer was corrected to 9-12 per emerald.
The offer probability mechanic was changed: as more offers exist for a villager, the probability of all offers rise. When an offer's probability goes beyond a certain limit, its probability goes down. The net effect is that rarer offers become more common when a villager has many offers, and common offers become rarer.
The offer removal mechanic has been replaced with an offer disabling mechanic.
All offers begin with 7 uses, allowing the offer to be traded up to seven times.
After this, even if the player has not left the trading GUI, the offer is disabled.
If a player trades the last offer on the list and closes the GUI, waiting for particles to appear around the villager, all disabled offers are renewed with 2-12 additional uses added to them.
It is possible for the final offer slot to be disabled, at which point no new offers can be generated and no existing offers can be renewed.
Trading with the last offer slot available will increase your popularity with the village by one point. Note that your popularity applies to the village as a whole, and other players' popularity is not affected.
1.4.6Enchanted books were added, and villagers could offer them.
1.5Villagers spawned from renamed spawn eggs will show their name in the trading interface in place of "Villager".
1.8Villager trading has been revamped. See here for offers before 1.8.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Villager Clerics no longer buy Ender Pearls, as they did in 14w02a.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Clerics now sell Bottle o' Enchantings, prices range from 3 to 11 emeralds each.
1.9Clerics no longer sell Eyes of Ender.
Clerics now sell Ender Pearls, prices range from 4 to 7 emeralds each.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Librarians charge double for books with "treasure" enchantments.
1.11Farmers now sell 5 to 7 apples and 6 to 10 cookies for an emerald instead of just 5 and 6 respectively.
Lua error in Module:Version_link at line 117: attempt to concatenate local 'text' (a nil value).Added new trades through the Cartographer career.
[hide]Pocket Edition
1.0.4Added villager trading.
1.1Added new trades through the Cartographer career.
[hide]Bedrock Edition
1.2Written book can now be sold to librarian.
Added Curse Enchantment which at this time can only be obtained via trading with librarian.
?Removed curse enchantment in enchanted book from librarian trading.
[hide]Upcoming Bedrock Edition
1.10Added new trades through the stone mason villager profession and wandering trader.
[hide]Legacy Console Edition
Xbox 360 Xbox One PS3 PS4 PS Vita Wii U Switch
TU14CU1Patch 1Added villager trading.
TU20CU8Librarian villagers now may offer name tags for sale.
TU31CU19Patch 3Changed villager trades to offers as of Java Edition 1.8.

Issues

Issues relating to "Trading", "Trades", or "Trade" are maintained on the bug tracker. Issues should be reported and viewed there.

Trivia

  • Right-clicking on a villager pauses that villager's pathfinding.
  • If a Villager takes damage while trading, the trading GUI will close.
  • In Bedrock Edition, while inside the trading GUI, an emerald will appear above the villager's head.

Gallery

References